Business Models for the Circular Economy: Opportunities and Challenges for Policy
Explains five widely used circular business models: circular supply, resource recovery, product life extension, sharing, and product-service systems. Connects enterprise strategies with policy conditions and adoption barriers.
Policy and Analytical Report
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2019). Business models for the circular economy: Opportunities and challenges for policy.
Offers practical methods and exercises for applying circular design to products, services, and business models. The tools support user research, systems mapping, ideation, prototyping, and circularity testing.
Toolkit / Design Guide
Ellen MacArthur Foundation & IDEO. (n.d.). Circular design guide.
Policy and Analytical Report:
Business Models for the Circular Economy: Opportunities and Challenges for Policy
Circular Design Guide:
Toolkit / Design Guide